P.2 REGULATORY BODIES

TE BBFC is the British Board of Film Cencorship,They classify and censor films within the United Kingdom it was established in 1920 by members of the film industry. In 1909 the cinematography act was introduced because of the out brake of fires in cinemas that were quickly converted  into cinemas from shops or in fair grounds. This meant their was regulation in cinema so it allowed for film cencorship. Film makers were weary that cencorship, if controled by, the government, for example would be unregulated and economically damaging. So they started their own organisation with its own form of regulation.

Currect Cetificates given to films and video games
- UNIVERSAL-suitable for all ages. Nothing deamed unsuitable for children.
 -PARENTAL GUIDANCE- Some scenes may be unsuitable for children but may contain mild sex/drug/violence references. Shouldn't disturb children aged 8 or over. Parents are advised to check the film before the children watch it.
-12A-(Cienema only) Thought to be unsuitable for very young children but it is suitable for a child under the age of 12 to go accompanied by an adult. They may contain subbtle and descrite sexual, soft drugs, discrimination, violence and nudity
-12-(Home Media only) Only suitable for children aged 12 or under. Its illegal to knowingly sell a 12 film, or game to somone under the age of 12. The guildlines to content are the same as 12A
-15-only suitable to people aged 15 or over. Its illegal to sell cinema tickets or a copy of a film of this rating to anyone under 15.  these may contain adult themes, hard drugs, regular use of foul language and limited use of very strong language, strong violence and strong sex references, and nudity without graphic detail.
-18- in this certficate oul language in not limited drug references and detailed sex references and nutidy are aload hard drugs are generally allowed. Real sex scenes are usually allowed if not overly graphic and justified by the context
-Restricted 18- Can only be shown at licenced adult cinemas and licenced sex shops. These will always contain explicist pornography and it is illegal for any films of this rating to be sold to anyone under 18.It is also illegal for these films to be sold to anyone over the internet or mail order

Legally the BBFC have to take into consideration.
The Human Rights Act 1988, The licencing Act, and video recording act.
The board is an independant government organisation that is controlled by a council of management selected rom the leaders of the industry. The local authority have the final say in what is allowed to be shown in local cinemas but thye usually accept th ruling of th BBFC

Caroline
Caroline, contiversially was given a PG rating. This is because of the content. It although, wholely complying with the description of a PG film. Many children found it scary and the bbfc had many complaints from parents. The film was classed as 'generally suitable but some scenes may be unsuitable to young children' This is why it was classed as PG because it was left to the consideration of the parents if it was suitable for their chidlren

Front View

3/4 view

Side on view

First full body outline

I have outlined the basic body of the character with small strokes. I will make the strokes bigger and change some of the shapes overtime

Character research sheets

Devloping Character, inspirations and first sketch ideas

First face shape outline done in illustrator

Transformers

Transformers links with Pokemon, It is humans working together with Auto Bots to fight the decepticons. Much like how the humans in Pokemon use the Pokemon and work with them in battles to fight

other Pokemon. Each Pokemon 

and Transformer with their own 

personality.

Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles links

to Transformers because it is a group 

that fight together against evil. They

work as a team and have a master. 

(Sensai or Splinter and Optimus Prime)
Also they have arch enemy figures
(Shredder and Megatron)

Star Wars  focuses on the rivalry between the

Sith and the  Jedi . Much like the Decepticons  and the  Autobots.   

Using  space age technologies  to  fight each other .

P2 Animation Comparison sheet

Animation comparison from stephenlatchem

Character Design

Character design is the combination of physical traits and narrative.
The look of the character has to be informed by personality and context. (Genre, location, setting)
The face is the primary channel to express emotion of a person (colman) hence the many big headed cartoon characters.
A lot can be said in the posture and body language of the character.
Solarski-
"hands are an effective in expressing personality. How a character carries their weight also informs about personality - particularly which body part they lead with.
Chest - confidence, strength, heroic.
Pelvis - lazy, laid back.
Head - intelligence.
Knees - cowardice.

Power and dominance revolve around expanding.
Power: take space up + expand.
Weakness: Making small, taking less space up.

Daffy duck always has his chest out.

Bart is Care free. laid back. slight slouch












Lisa walks with her head. she's very bright.

Shaggy out of Scooby doo is always scared at everything. he is a coward.

Animation Trends (unfinished)

Top rated Cartoon Network shows.
 Ed, Edd And Eddy 
Genre- Comedy
Target Audience- 8-17
Style- Very stylised in a simple drawn animation. quite rough and limited colours are used. Focuses on 3 boys who are friends and get up to lots of adventures. it is one of those programmes that older audiences like to watch because it was a cartoon they grew up with.

Adventure Time
Genre-  Comedy, Adventure
Target Audience- 10-16
Style- 2D animation.
Content-fantasy cartoon where anything is possible. The 2 main characters, Fin (the hero) and Jake the 32 year old magical shapeshifting dog. This programme appeals to just about all ages because of its use of humour. Combining childish remarks and jokes with subtle humour aimed more towards older generation. The content is very bright and colourful. They live in the candy kingdom which is full of candy people. They go on adventures that usually involve some kind of monster but there is a real strange aspect to the show, some people suggest it is full of subliminal messages. Which only boosts the interest in the show.

 Regular Show
Genre- Comedy, Adventure
Target Audience- 10-16
Style- quite simplistic 2D animation.
Content-The Regular Show follows Mortigey and Rigby who are a pair of friends who work on a park. They often get into trouble and subsequently out of it. The shows humour is aimed towards a younger teenage audience. It is also based around adventure and their adventures often come at disapproval to their boss Benson
TRENDS
All of these programmes follow some loose trends, In all of them the proagonists are 2 or 3 friends. (excluding Jake the dog) These characters are not flawless superheros but more relatable, sometimes slow, awkward and unsuccesful. However this is what makes them loveable. They often get into difficult situations that the viewer ends up willing them to succeed in. This is what creates a real connection and commitment to the characters. All of these shows are aimed toward roughly the same target audience and are made to be comedic. In the amazing world of Gumball a
Feature Film 
Frozen
Genre- Comedy, adventure
Style- 3D CG animation
Target Audience- Family
Content-  Anna teams up with Kristoff in an epic journey, encountering Everest-like conditions, and a hilarious snowman named Olaf in a race to find Anna's sister Elsa, whose icy powers have trapped the kingdom in eternal winter.

Dispicable Me 
Genre- Comedy
Style- 3DCG animation
Trget Audience- Family
Content A evil genius called Gru who has an army of minions who he as employed to do a heist. He plans to steal the moon. Although his plans are all changed when 3 little girls come into his life. They become more attatched to each other and the girls see him as a potential dad. It is a story that is heart warming and also funny. With the minions becoming very quotable and funny characters.

The Croods
Genre- comedy, adventure
style 3D GC animation
Target Auidence -  Family
Content-Follows a family of cavemen who have lived fearing everything to stay safe. They are then forced into this new land where they must fend for themselves. With the help of a creative and forward thinking boy.

Trends 
All these films are targeted at the same auidence. They are also all animated in the same style. They all follow a basic story pattern of over coming a problem then ending happily. Also in 2 of them their is an aspect of romance. They all incorporate a mixture of comedy, drama, adventure and romance. This is what makes it family friendly, their are parts of all these film that everyone will be able to enjoy

Internet
Tootin bathtub baby cousins
Genre- comedy
style- 2D animation with still photos
Target Auidence- 6-10
Content- 2 baby's sitting in a bath singing a song about poo. with the worlds along the top.

The Gummy Bear Song
Genre- music, comedy
Style- 3D animation
Content- A green gummy bear singing "The Gummy Bear Song" in a music video style. Involving driving a car and performing on stage

Fallen Kingdom, a minecraft parody
Gnere- Comedy
Style- 2D animation
Content- Characters from mine craft in parody of a coldplay song.

TRENDS
all of these clips are biased on comedy and music. Something that is catchy and memorable but without being controversial. Simplistic and easy to watch. They are clips that people will want to play over and over again. In these cases mostly by children.

P2 Animation Process Flow Chart

Idea, brief, treatment, script, production planning
This is the pre-production part. This is were the an idea is had and a written treatment in produced to sell the product. A script, outline budget, pitch and cocept are done in this stage. Concept Design This is the preliminary work stage to illustrate both the narrative and visual treatment of the project. This is were characters and style are developed Story boarding Storyboard artists will visualize the script. Showing the narrative, composition of shots, demonstrate action, shows camera moves and continuity.
 The storyboard 
can be changed and revised throughout. Having a detailed and refined storyboard makes the process a lot easier. Production Design and Visual Development The Production Designer or Art Director works on developing the style that is going to be used in the animation. The final designs for characters and envirnoments are made. model sheets and turnarounds with backgrounds may be needed. Special effects and sets can also be designed, depending on the type of production.
 Recording the Dialogue
The Director and Producer will choose the voice actors the record the script. Often all in one session. Voice over is also recorded and a voice over guide track will be used but this is only rough and can be edited afterwards to fit the production.
 Building Models, Rigging
for CG productions the approved designs will need to be translated from drawings into CG models of characters and environments. Moving skeletons are make first to allow the animator to manipulate moving joints and parts. In stop frame animation the approved designs are built into models and sets. Layout and animatic This stage is where every scene and camera set up is staged. Layouts are mostly based on the storyboard. It provides scene planning, camera movements, visual information about character and action and backgrounds. The complete layouts will be either assembled into a layout reel or dropped into a storyboard reel.
 Animation
This can only be started when the layout is approved, along with designs or models, voice track and timings for the Animator(s) to work with. Animators are tasked to produce images that when recorded in a sequence create the illusion of movement.  each scene must be approved by the Director. Then they are cut into the work or layout reel so they can be views.
Final Backgrounds and colouring
In 2D the backgrounds need to reflect the projects designs and are supervised by the Art Director. They are created from the approved layouts. Stop frame animation the sets are built before the animation can start.  In CG the basic environment is built and then set dressing and lighting is added later
Regarding 2D paper animation it will be scanned and maybe tidied up by the computer. Then colopureed digitally. Sometimes the colour is left as it was drawn. Depending on the style desired.
Lighting and Compositing
Lighting is used to determine the atmosphere and colour of each shot.
compositing is the point which various visual elements including animation, background and effects are combined.
Post Production
during this phase music is recorded, sound effects are added and soundtrack. All these are combined as a complete Edit Master. Then it is outputted to suit the requirements of the project.

Use of shapes in character designs

P2 Bear Walk Cycle Evaluation

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Although this walk cycle was unsuccessful i have learnt the principals of it. Using key frames and and the warp tool to move the body parts to resemble a walk cycle. This is done by placing key frames of position and rotation at appropriate anchor points. creating a loop of one full walk cycle can be used to create a walking effect for the character. I also need to loop the video so the walking continues. The cycle is not complete because the back leg does not move in front of the front leg as the front leg pulls back as it should. The arms should mirror the legs  to make it look convincing

This is an example of a convincing animated walking cycle.

P2 Animation product research

Film
Horten Hears a who
The film was eleased in 2008 and produced by Blue Sky Records
while being directed by Directed by Jimmy Hayward and Steve Martino,
The tartget Audience is Family friendly but directed more towards children
The purpose was to create a film that reflected and capture the spirit of Dr.Suess' Childrens book "Horten Hears A Who" making it bright colourful for the viewer
I like the attention to detail in the film especially when concering characters facial expressions and body language. They immitated the facial expressions, where suited of the voice actors of the characters. This makes the characters come alive even more because the words perfectly match the dialog



Short
Silly Symphony Skeleton Dance
Released in 1929
Produced by Walt Disney and directed by Ub Iwerks
Target audience would likely have been children but i think it is more aimed towards any ages
The purpose of the animation was to work as an accompaniment to the music and worked as a modern example of medieval European dance macbre imagery. The animation is a drawn animation. I like the movement of the skeletons because they resemble human movement while having a destinct creepy flow to it. All of the movements are accompanied with the music perfectly and this really brings it all together.

TV SERIES
The Amazing World Of Gumball
This programme first aired in may 2011and was create by Ben Bocquelete for Cartoon Network. Cartoon Network originated in America in 1992.
The animation combines 3D models, hand drawn aspects, green screened scenes and some real life objects added into the animation. The target audience is children from around 6-14 It was created for a tv series it is directed by Mic Graves. I really like the voice actors in it. Especially Darwin (Kwesi Boakye) and the combiation of different animation styles makes it really interesting and enjoyable to watch.




Web series 

Raised by Zombies 

This animated web series is directed and produced by Guy Collins it debuted in june 2012. Guy has also created many short aniamtions with no sound and a series called "All Living Things"

It was created with Mondo Media The animation is a 2d cartoon in a sketch style. The target audience is quite a broad one but it is aimed towards teenagers. It Is a distinctive series because their is no dialog or sound effects just music. I like this because the music matches the clip well and it means more things are illustrated rather than using sound which keeps your attention to the story. It was created as a short web series each episode being around 3 minutes i length

Music Video
Dead players- Yeah
This music video was released in june 2013 under the HighFocus record label for the UK hip hop group Dead Players. The video was created by Monsta and was made to accomapany the song and lyrics. It is done ina 2D animation style and it is done in a simple and colourful way. It is aimed at people from teenage upwards. I really like how effortless the movements of the characters are. It refelcts the feel of the track that it is quit sketchy and simple. It was created to help promote the song.



 TV ADVERT
The Tetley tea Folk are characters used to advertise Tetley Tea From 1973 to 2001 and then came back in 2010
John McGill Lewis created the Tea Folk in 1973 the characters were designed by studio director Tony Cattaneo and animator Ramon Modiano The adverts combined animation with live action sets, for example tea bags, cups and saucers. There has been 67 animated TV adverts created on top of a host of other advertising using the same characters. The purpose was to advertise the product and ultimately to make people buy it. I think it is done really well and incorporating the animated characters into the real life scenes. The facial expessions of the characters are really well done and it helps you relate to each character and become attatched to them. The target audience would be all ages but aimed more towards the older generation becauase they remember when they used to be around. 
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P2 Rotoscoping write up

I had at first done a rotoscoping gif that consisted of 17 frames that i had rotoscoped over a video of Casper dancing, but after i had finished i lost the file and couldn't recover it. So i decided to do a quick 12 frame one that i just sketched around the outline of him to show i understood the the proccess of creating  a rotoscope GIF.

First i needed to import the video into photoshop as frames. Using the timeline i could see each frame. Then selecting an individual frame and creating a new layer over the top of it. On this new layer i started to trace around the body. i did this for every frame i did. Then i removed the background layer so you could only see the outline of the body. Then i brought in a background picture from the internet and put it behind it. saving for web as a gif format.

This shows the timeline and layer windows that i used when making it.

I am not happy with this gif but i know understand the process behind how to create one and when i have more time i know i will be able to create one i am satisfied with

P2 First Gif + Write up

These are the gifs i created on photo photoshop. For the text one i needed to first add the text then create about 10 frames. Adjusting the shape of it by using the warped text tool to adjust it each frame.

i adjusted it by about 10 points each time. the frame rate was set at 0.04 seconds

For the video gif i needed to download the video first and then import it into after effects but first shortened the clip.  i choice the clip to carry on for ever so it repeated.  i had set the frame rate at 0.04seconds per frame

TEXT GIF

P2 first Animation write up

For this gif i used the photoshop file with all the parts that are in the final gif. I used the timeline tool to create 9 frames. i made the parts invisable that i didn't need in each frame leaving the ones i did. To make the spaceship move i did the same but i moved it up to the top. Then i used the tween tool that inserts all the frames automatically making it look smoother.